Organ-on-chip (OoC) technology offers tremendous potential for biomedical research. However, despite its promises, there are numerous misconceptions that lead to false expectations or unnecessary skepticism. Our scientists at Dynamic42 set the record straight:

1. Organ-on-chip is not just a “pretty” culture approach

Many believe that OoC is just a fancy way to create impressive images and enhance experimental results. However, this technology actually has a fundamental impact on the biology of cells. Compared to conventional 2D cultures, cells behave completely differently in a 3D environment with perfusion, shear forces and mechanical stresses. This leads to altered expression profiles that come much closer to the natural behavior in the body.

2. A “body-on-a-chip”? Not yet!

Another misconception is the idea that the entire human body can be simulated on a chip. The human body is very complex and on a molecular level not fully understood yet. Currently, models for two to three organ systems work well, but there is still a long way to go before a complete “body-on-a-chip” is realistic.

3. It’s not a whole, human organ on a chip

Many people mistakenly believe that a whole organ is being implanted on a chip. In reality, the goal is to recreate the essential functional structure of an organ. This is achieved by replicating its 3D architecture and cell layering, which allows for organ-like functions.

4. Organ models do not immediately replace animal testing

A common misconception is that OoC technology completely eliminates the need for animal testing. Although it can help reduce animal testing (3R principle) and provide important insights in the preclinical phase, it does not completely replace it – at least not yet. However, it is a valuable tool to avoid unnecessary animal testing, for example when toxic effects are already visible in the chip model.

5. Organ-on-Chip is more accessible than you think!

Some researchers hesitate because they think OoC is too complicated. However, as with any new technology, with a step-by-step approach and well-thought-out experimental design, you can effectively familiarize yourself with the subject matter. Additionally, there are onsite and online courses available that teach OoC technology to beginners in just 2-days – Find out more about the Dynamic42 Academy.

6. All the read-outs you expect – and more

Another misconception is that organ-on-a-chip offers fewer readouts compared to classical cell culture. In reality, the analysis options for organ models are quite similar to those in 2D cell culture. This technology enables the sampling of both the supernatant and the tissue post-experiment, allowing for various readouts such as supernatant assays, PCR, NGS, proteomics, metabolomics, cytokine profiling, viability assays, and advanced imaging techniques. Moreover, OoC provides the additional option of real-time tracking of physiological parameters like transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and oxygen levels.

Conclusion

Organ-on-chip technology offers enormous potential but also poses challenges. By debunking common myths, we can realistically assess and effectively exploit its possibilities. Dynamic42 remains at the forefront of this exciting development and is continuously working to shape the future of biomedical research.

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